User:Johnburger/Demo/Exec/Exec

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The Executive is what this whole Demonstrator is about. It's the program that creates the User-mode Tasks and sets them running in their own individual environments. Of course, it is up to the Executive to create those Environments!

But first, it needs to finalise the switch to Protected Mode.

It's nice to be able to use normal coding techniques again: the severely constrained environment of the Boot sector is behind me, so I can use the standard CALL/RET paradigm again.

Demo/Exec/Exec.inc

;
; Exec/Exec.inc
;
 
; This module finishes the transition into Protected Mode, sets up the system to
; be less "bare bones" than was achieved via the bootstrap process, and finally
; starts to actually create some User-mode programs.
;
; First, you'll note I'm no longer using the "stream of code" paradigm that I
; used for the bootstrap - the need for that has gone away. I now have as much
; memory as I need! (Well, almost: there's still a loader limit...)
;
; Second, you'll note that there are Allocate functions to handle common
; operations, like allocating more Memory, or an entry in the GDT or an LDT.
 
                SEGMENT          Exec  VSTART=0  ALIGN=16
 
                USE32
 
; Phew! Made it! We're in Protected Mode! (You can un-cross your fingers now...)
; Before we can do anything else though, we need to set up a Protected Mode stack
Exec.Code:
                ; Point to Stack
                MOV             AX,Selector(Exec.LDT.Stack, LDT, RPL0)
                MOV             SS,AX
                XOR             ESP,ESP ; One of the advantages of Expand-Down Stacks!
 
                ; Initialise the rest of the registers
                CALL            Exec.Init
 
                ; Create more robust critical Fault handlers, with their own contexts
                ; To demonstrate the need for this, uncomment the next line...
;               MOV             ESP,1   ; The next stack operation will triple-fault
                CALL            Exec.Ints
                ; Once they've been installed, the same instruction is handled
;               MOV             ESP,1   ; This will fault, but at least it's handled
 
                ; We can now start to initialise Interrupts. First, the PICs
                CALL            Exec.PICs
 
                ; OK, we're all ready! Time to start the system!
                STI                             ; Enable interrupts
 
                ; Set up the Timer interrupt handler, and enable it
                CALL            Exec.Timer
 
                ; Human interaction (via the keyboard) would be nice...
                CALL            Exec.Key
 
                ; Everything's ready! We can start to create User-mode Programs
                JMP             Exec.User
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/Init.inc"         ; Initialise rest of Protected Mode
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/Ints/Ints.inc"    ; Install more sophisticated Fault handlers
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/PICs.inc"         ; Initialise PICs
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/Timer.inc"        ; Install Timer interrupt handler
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/Key.inc"          ; Install keyboard handler
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/User/User.inc"    ; Start creating User programs
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/Alloc/Alloc.inc"  ; Helper functions to allocate things
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/LDT.inc"          ; The Executive's LDT
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%include        "Exec/GDT.inc"          ; The System's GDT
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